1. everyday; every day
(1)everyday作形容词,意为“每天的,日常的,平日的”。仅用在名词之前做定语,不能单独使用。例如:
everyday life 日常生活 everyday English 日常英语
everyday activities 日常活动 everyday clothes 平日里穿的服装
(2)every day 是副词短语,意为“每天”,相当于each day, 通常用作句子的时间状语从句。例如:
We should eat vegetables and fruits every day.
My parents ask me to go to bed before 11:00 every day.
2. fair
(1)fair作形容词,意为“公平的,合理的”。
There must be fair play whatever the competition is.
It’s fair enough to ask your close friends to help.
(3)fair作形容词,还意为“相当大(多、远)的”。
They’ve made a fair amount of money.
他们赚了相当大的一笔钱。
(4)fair作形容词,也意为“(肤色)浅的,(头发)金色的”。
Her daughter has big eyes and fair hair.
【拓展 】
fair作名词,意为“(定期)集市、庙会;商品展览会、博览会”。
He brought his piglets to the fair.
他把小猪带到集市去卖。
A book fair is to be held next month.
下个月将举行书展。
3. avoid
(1)从意思上看,可表示“避开”或“躲避”(keep oneself from)某人或某物;也可表示“防止”(prevent)某事的发生。例如 :
Try to avoid accidents.
尽量防止发生事故。
I avoided him as much as possible.
我尽量避开他。
You should avoid such mistakes.
(2)从用法上看,其后可接名词或代词作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但是不能接不定式作宾语 。例如:
他避而不答我的问题。
正:He avoided answering my questions.
误:He avoided to answer my questions.
正:It was impossible to avoid being affected.
误:It was impossible to avoid to be affected
4. be famous for
(1)be famous for表示人以某种知识技能,作品或特征而出名;表示某地以某种特产或特征出名;或表示某事以其内容、特征、价值等而被人所知。例如:
He is famous for his skill in playing football.
他因球艺而出名。
The area is famous for its green tea.
这个地区以产绿茶而著称。
【拓展 】
be famous as 表示“以……而出名”的意思,或确切地说是“作为……而出名”的意思,主要是表示人以某种身份或职业而出名,或表示某地方作为什么产地或地方而出名,或表示某事物以某种形式而出名。例如:
Mark Twin was famous as a children-story writer.
This book is famous as a reference book.
这本书作为参考书而出名。
5. produce; product; production
(1)produce 作动词,表示“生产,制造,出产”的意思;例如:
Tea is produced in many different areas in China.
produce作名词,主要指农产品,是一个不可数的集合名词。例如:
the agricultural produce农产品
the native produce土特产品
We need some fresh produce. 我们需要一些新鲜的农产品。
(2)product 主要指工业产品,也可指农产品,是可数名词 。例如:
farm product农产品
Petrol is the most important product of many Middle-East countries.
【注意 】有时用于 引申义 。例如:
He saw man as the product of society. 他把人看作是社会的产物。
(3)production 通常不表示具体的产品,它主要指生产这一动作或过程,制作,摄制(电影、戏剧等),是不可数名词 ;例如:
The company is famous for the production of small cars.
【注意 】production 除表示“生产”外,还可指艺术作品,此时为 可数名词 。例如:
The theme of his late productions was life and death.
他晚期作品的主题是生与死。
production 还可以表示产量,是不可数名词 。
the production of wheat小麦生产产量
The production has increased.
产量已增加。
6. be good for
be good for意为“对……有好处,对……有益处”,介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for,意为“对……有害处”。例如:
Junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。
Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。
【拓展 】
(1) be good to“对……好”,其反义短语为be bad to“对……不好”。介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。例如:
She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。
The boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好。
(2) be good at“在……方面擅长”,介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,同义短语为do well in。例如:
She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese.
她擅长英语和汉语。
(3)be good with“和……相处得好;擅于和……相处”。例如:
Are you good with children? 你和孩子们相处得好吗?
7. turn … into ….
(1) turn … into…表示“把……变成…… ; 使……变成……”。例如:
Can you turn this piece of paper into a flower?
Please tell me how to turn the water into ice.
【拓展 】
turn into表示“转变;变成;成为”。例如:
We think he’ll turn into a top-class player.
I think I have got to stop or I might turn into a machine.
8. special
(1)special作形容词,意为“特殊的,特别的,专门的(反义词:ordinary)”,强调事物特有的性质、性格或专门的目的、用途。
You must have special permission to enter this room.
(2)especial 作形容词,意为“特别的,主要的,突出的(反义词:common)”,强调的是重要性,有“尤其、特别”之意。
He solved the problem of especial importance.
9. both … and …
(1)both…and…意为“……和……都……”; “不仅……而且……”,连接两个并列的词或短语,不能用来连接句子。作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,不受“就近原则”的限制。例如:
Both Li Ming and Wei Hua are good at English.
【拓展 】
both…and…相对应的连词结构式neither…nor…表示“既不……也不……”。作主语时,谓语动词受“就近原则”的限制。例如:
Neither you nor I am a student.
10. invent
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯。
(2)invent还可以表示“虚构”。例如:
The whole story was invented. 整个故事是虚构的。
(3) invent的名词形式有两个,一个是inventor(发明者;发明家),另一个是invention(发明物)。例如:
Edison is a great inventor in history. 爱迪生是历史上伟大的发明家。
Human history is also a history of great inventions. 人类的历史也是一个伟大发明的历史。
【拓展】
invent和discover辨析
(1)invent 意为“发明,发明之物”指“从无到有”。例如:
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
(2)discover 意为“发现”,指“本来就已经存在,但不为人知”的事物。例如:
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
11. for example
for example意为“例如”,强调“举例”说明,而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语,且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如:
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
Many students like playing computer games,for example,Mike.
【拓展】
such as意为“例如”,用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子,可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,但such as后边不能用逗号。例如:
Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science.
English is spoken in many countries, such asAustralia,Canadaand so on.
许多国家说英语,如澳大利亚和加拿大等。
12. popular
(1) popular作形容词,意为“流行的,受人欢迎的”。常用短语为be popular with,意为“受……的欢迎。例如:
The most popular sport is football. 最流行的运动是足球。
He is popular with our classmates. 他在我们班里有人缘。
(2)popular作形容词,意为“民众的;大众的”。例如:
Popular education is one of our major objectives.
He speaks in popular language. 他用通俗的语言讲话。
【拓展】
popularity作名词,意为“普及,流行;大众化”。例如:
Golf has gained popularity among the wealthy in my country.
The popularity of private cars is changing the people’s life style.
13. remain
(1)remain用作不及物动词,意为“剩下、留下、呆在”,相当于stay。 例如:
When the others had gone, Joan remained (=stayed) to clean the room.
Only a few leaves remained (=were still) on the tree.
树上只剩下几片叶子了。
The Smiths remained there all through the year.
The soldiers were ordered to remain where they were.
(2)remain作连系动词,意为“一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”。例如:
Peter became a manager but John remained a worker.
彼得当上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工人。
Whatever great progress you have made, you should remain modest.
The shop remains open until 11 at night.
Whether it will be good to us remains to be seen.
14. smell
smell作名词,表示“气味”。smell作连系动词,意为“闻、嗅”,后面常用形容词作表语。
例如:
What’s the pleasant smell? 香味是什么?
The dumplings smell nice. 这些水饺闻起来很好。
【拓展】
(1)look,sound,smell,taste,feel这五个动词都与人的感觉有关,可称之为“感官”动词。这五个动词均可作连系动词,后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……”。除look之外,其它几个动词的主语往往是物,而不是人。
例如:
The old man looks very happy. 那个老人看起来很幸福。
These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。
(2)look,sound,smell,taste,feel这些动词后面也可接介词like短语,like后面常用名词。
例如:
Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。
15.take place
take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生,以及化学、物理变化,有事先预料或计划的意思,即“计划发生”。例如:
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
【拓展】
happen指具体客观事物的发生,常有偶然性,未能预见性,即“偶然发生”。happen和take place均为不及物动词,无被动语态。
(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”,常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构,此时主语应该是物。例如:
The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在2008年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
(2) 表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如:
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。
What happened to you? 你怎么啦?
(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如:
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
16.boil
boil作动词,意为“使……煮沸,使……烧开”。例如:
I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to boil.
我站在厨房,等着水烧开。
【拓展】
(1) boiling作形容词,表示 “炎热的; 沸腾的”。
例如:When everybody else is boiling hot, I’m freezing!
Placing an egg into a huge pan full of boiling water isn’t easy either.
(2)boiled作形容词,表示“煮过的;煮熟的”。例如:
I’d like to drink a glass of cool boiled water. 我想喝一杯凉开水。
17. achieve
( 1)achieve作及物动词,意为“完成,实现”。例如:
You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.
Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.
No one can achieve anything without effort.
(2)achieve作及物动词,意为“达到,赢得”。例如:
The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen.
那位演员十九岁时就成名了。
She achieved no success. 她没有获得成功。
【拓展】
achievement作名词,意为“成就,成绩”。例如:
The invention of the computer is a great achievement.
发明电脑是一大成就。
18. pleasure
pleasure作名词,指“愉快的事,乐趣”。
It’s a pleasure to meet you. 见到你很快乐。
It’s my pleasure. 不客气(接受道谢时回答)。
【拓展】
(1) pleased作形容词,指外物作用于感官,使人感到“高兴、满意”,常见的结构为:be pleased+不定式或从句, be pleased with, be pleased at (about)。例如:
I’m very pleased with the performance. 我很满意这次表演。
We’re pleased about (at) your success. 对于你的成功我们很满意。
I’m quite pleased that she has got such a good chance.
我很高兴她得到这样一个好的机会。
(2) pleasant作形容词,意为“令人愉快的,讨人喜欢的”。例如:
They spent a very pleasant afternoon in the hills.
他们在山上度过一个令人舒心的下午。
Spring weather is pleasant. 春天的天气让人心旷神怡。
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